hrvatski

Pogranična društva i okoliš. Varaždinski generalat i Križevačka županija u 17. stoljeću

. People and their settlements in the territories of Varaždin Generate Military Border and Križevci County throughout the 17th century. As for the targeted period, an approximate starting point is so-called Long war (commencing in early 1590s - ending in 1606 with Peace treaty of Žitva). Its ending time is set at Karlovac Peace Treaty of 1699, in the period when all changes with these regions and the local population were in the immediate vicinity of the border between the two warring empires: the Hapsburgs and the Ottoman (particularly during the period 1600-1690, when these regions were heavily influenced by the Ottoman’s Kanizsa ejalet/pashaluk). The paper deals with topics, limited to the area of Varaždin Generalate military border and Križevci County, researched as a greater border region, on the rim of the Hapsburg Empire touching the Ottoman Empire and all their complexity of the military/civilian life and their mutual relations. By the end of 17th century, the researched area was strictly a border region between the royal Hapsburg and Ottoman empires. This provided an opportunity for the author, to conduct a research in a geographically framed and limited territory, researching a greater historic phenomena in Croatian history, in its entire dynamics: shaping of Krajina military border, the population and the settlements, its interaction with the civilian life and spatial challenges across Drava river (Hungary), as well as the Ottoman territories In the 17th century, a part of Križevci County in the east, still free from the Ottomans, was formed as a separate military entity, called Varaždin Generalate, as a part of the Krajina Military Border. Its purpose was to spearhead a defense system against the Ottomans, but on the Hapsburg side of the imperial border. Beside eastern part of the medieval Križevci County, this military region also encompassed the towns of Varaždin, Varaždinske Toplice and Petrinja. However, after the Krajina military border had been formed as a separate entity, Križevci County and Varaždin Generalate in many details formed a functional, separate entity of its own. During the 17th century period, Varaždin Generalate and Križevci County were approximately between Medvednica and Ivančica in the west, Slavonnian hills in the east, Drava River in the north and rivers Lonja and Sava in the south. Additionally, a greater area of Petrinja stronghold, by Kupa River, was also considered a part of this separate military entity. This paper consists of several chapters. The introduction chapter consists of explanations referring to reasons to undertake the study and listing out the goals and aims in the study ; deliberation on thee theoretical support, starting points and methodology. What follows is the detailed study with 3 main segments, covering ecohistory, demographic history and economic history. The ecohistory segment deals with the territory of Varaždin Generalate and Križevci county, as well as their environment at the time (natural, biological and human factors). It’s followed by economic and demographic history and their indicators, for example, population structure, their mobility, anthropization of nature, types of settlements, etc. Key deliberations also include results, gained through comparative-historic methods during the research, with special focus on new questions raised. The author here tried to offer a model for research of multiple-border regions, referring to Military border, both in the military and civilian sense, the way it had existed in the early modern perid not only in Croatia and Slavonnia, but in other regions as well (although in somewhat different conditions, yet typologically comparable).

pogranična društva ; povijest okoliš ; povijest ; rani novi vijek

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