engleski

Solar Combisystem for Heating and Cooling of Passive House in the Area of Rijeka

Of the total primary energy need in Croatia, 18.2% is consumed in households and, of the latter number, three-quarters are used for space and domestic hot water (DHW) heating. Only a smaller fraction of new buildings are constructed respecting low-energy and passive standards, despite of numerous advantages they offer. Low-energy and passive house standards limit the residential space heating energy demand to 50 and 15 kWh/m2a, respectively. Furthermore, passive house standards restrict space cooling energy demand to 15 kWh/m2a and the overall energy demand to 42 kWh/m2a. In order to accomplish these lowenergy figures, careful selection and compliance between architectural, building, engineering and electrical features have to be realized. Analysis, to determine passive house energy demands and the appropriate solar combisystem to meet them in the area of Rijeka, has been based on hourly values of ambient air temperature, humidity and solar irradiation. Rijeka, with 2000 heating degree-days and an annual global irradiation of 1350 kWh/m2a on the horizontal surface, presents typical mediterranean climate conditions where winters are rainy and the summers dry and hot. It has been concluded that a solar combisystem with a collector area of 9 m2 and a heat storage tank of 1000 litres could supply up to 80% of the annual heating energy demands and save more than 50% of the primary energy needed by a conventional non-solar heating system in a detached single-family house with 100 m2 of floor area. The remaining 20% heating energy as well as the summer space cooling energy would be supplied by an ambient air-to-water heat pump. The solar collectors should be installed with tilt angles of about 60° in order to ensure higher solar energy gains during winter period and prevent excessive overheating in summer.

passive house; solar combisystem; heat pump; solar collector; energy saving

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