engleski

DEVELOPMENT OF DIESEL RAIL VEHICLES IN THE FIELD OF REDUCING HARMFUL EMISSIONS

The transport of goods and passengers by rail contributes to more efficient use of energy and reduced harmful emissions compared to other transport modes. This results from technical and technological specific characteristics of rail transport and the fact that about 80 % of rail traffic in Europe operates using electric traction. In the remaining part of Diesel traction, the specific fuel consumption and harmful emissions have to be additionally reduced, which is especially emphasised by introducing new regulations. The paper presents the current and future regulations that refer to the permitted harmful emissions from exhaust gases generated by Diesel traction vehicles. It points to the drastic reduction of the permitted emission of nitrogen oxides and particulates according to the standards that will come into force as of January 2012. To meet these regulations, the researchers and the manufacturers have at their disposal measures that are undertaken in the engine and outside the engine, i.e. by means of subsequent processing of the exhaust gases. Due to very low permitted emissions both measures should be combined in an optimal ratio. For the undertaken measures, the influence on the emission of individual harmful elements as well as on the specific fuel consumption is presented, and examples are provided for possible solutions. The paper also deals with the issue of inverse dependence between the NOx emission and the specific fuel consumption, i.e. emissions of particulates, which significantly makes it difficult to achieve the overall good results. Finally, examples of developed systems for Diesel traction vehicles are provided. This refers to the solutions offered by well-known world manufacturers of Diesel engines and Diesel traction vehicles which will meet the future regulations regarding permitted harmful emissions.

diesel rail vehicles; exhaust gases; harmful emissions

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