hrvatski

Petrokemijska proizvodnja - Prošlost, sadašnjost i budućnost

Petrochemical industry today is the most important source of organic chemicals and derivatives including large-volume basic chemicals, commodity polymers and certain specialties. They are obtaining from the processing of crude oil and natural gas and present a source of more than 98 % organic chemical products. The three main classes of petrochemical raw materials are methane from natural gas, than olefins, particularly ethylene and propylene, diolefines as butadiene and isoprene, and aromatics include benzene, toluene and xylene isomers. All of which are produced in very large quantities. From these basic building blocks is made a several thousand of very wide range of chemicals and other materials, including monomers and corresponding polymers. Petrochemical industry has been undergoing marked changes as ever, particularly in the past years and disruption will probably continue to be rule for the future. The changes arise from development of new and improved processes and whole technologies especially those which enclosed environmental protection, with increased qualities of products and reducing and overall of energy costs. The breakthrough is to be in the conversion of methane directly to methyl alcohol which than could form a building block by way of C1 chemistry. The shortfall of propylene will be made-up by increase the production using new technologies, as FCC units (Petro-FCC, UOP, SAD), propane dehydrogenation, olefin metathesis and so called methanol-to-olefin process. The breakthrough also involves the direct conversion of alkanes to alkenes and aromatics by oxidative dehydrogenation using vanadium or Pt-based catalyst. In addition, the metallocene polymerization catalyst with new technological processes allow to control the structure, morphology and therefore the end-used properties of the most petrochemically based polymers particularly polyolefins.

petrokemija ; nafta ; prirodni plin ; procesi ; oksidacijska dehidrogenacija ; metalocenski katalizatori ; polimerizacije ; polimeri

Molim sažetak upisati na izvornom (hrvatskom) jeziku, na kojem je rad objavljen. Hvala, administratorica, 2017-02-10.