engleski

The distribution pattern of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the part of the Western Balkan

The study of the silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers identified two variants of nad5 gene and revealed strong east-west differences in populations. Populations from the western part of the range exclusively contained one variant while populations from the eastern part of the range contained only the second variant. Mixed populations were observed in Croatia, Slovenia and north Italy. The distribution of mtDNA haplotypes in the Ukranian Carpathians revealed sharp boundary between the ranges of the two types. The situation in western Balkan was more complicated and two migration streams in opposite direction were proposed to explain the observed pattern. The aim of this study was to obtain a more detailed determination of haplotype division of the silver fir in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, and Albania. Except major populations from Croatia, the investigation focused on small, isolated populations from the sub-Mediterranean area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in order to determine their relationship to the populations from the central parts of their natural distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Central Europe. The samples for DNA extraction were taken from a provenance trial that included 18 Croatian and 2 Slovenian provenances, and from 7 natural populations in Croatia, 8 populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and two populations in Albania. The DNA fragment (nad5-4) used in previous studies was used also for this study. Thirteen populations contained only a longer allele (allel 1) that is typical of central and western European populations. The shorter allel (allele 2), typical of south-eastern European populations, was found in 16 populations. Nine populations had mixed haplotypes. Two populations from Albania contained only allele 2. to the south and south-east of the mountains of Čabulja, Šator, Grmeč and Oštrelj in Bosnia and Herzegovina, only allele 2 was found. Therefore, this srudy reveals, similarly to a previous study on the silver fir looking at mitochondrial DNA, two parallel clines of the mixed haploid types from north-eastern Italy, across Slovenia and Croatia, to the western part of Bosnia.

postglacial migration; haplotypes; suture zone; variation

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