engleski

Bone mineral density in groups of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders

Objective. The aim of this study was to analyse the bone mineral density (BMD) in a group of patients with anterior disc displacement (DD) and in a group of patients with osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Material and methods. The sample consisted of female patients with symptoms and signs of different TMJ disorders group: anterior DD (15 patients, mean age 53.6±13.17 years) and osteoarthritis (20 patients, mean age 62.2±9 years). After clinical diagnostics, magnetic resonance imaging was the gold standard in TMJ diagnostics. In collaboration with a rheumatologist-physiatrist, all patients underwent physical therapy to treat TMJ as well as other rheumatologic conditions (cervicobrachial syndrome, cervicocranial syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, polyarthritis, etc). There was only one male patient and he excluded from the study due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Apart from the body mass index (BMI in kg/m2), due to medical indications, bone mineral density (BMD in g/cm2) was measured in the lumbar and femoral area by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results. In the group with DD of TMJ 26.6% had normal BDM, 66.7% had osteopenia, and only one female patient (6.7%) had osteoporosis. In the group with osteoarthritis 25% of patients had normal BDM, 40% had osteopenia and 35% had osteoporosis. The age difference was at the limit of statistical significance (p=0.0550). There were no differences in BMI between the groups of patients (p=0.79), but there was a significant difference in BMI (p=0.015) depending on normal BMD/osteopenia/osteoporosis: 24.9/17.9/10.5. The following values are for the same categories: femoral BMD: 1.01/0.84/0.69 and lumbar BMD: 1.14/0.90/0.78 ; both statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion. Densitometry is not a standard examination procedure within TMJ diagnostics and therefore the sample is rather small. Rheumatologic-physiatric examination of patients enables the diagnosis of comorbidities in numerous musculoskeletal and metabolic diseases (for example, osteoporosis).

temporomandibular joint; osteoporosis; osteoarthritis; magnetic resonance imaging

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