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Comparison of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity between some native Iranian apples and standard cultivar 'Gala'

In order to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of some native Iranian apple cultivars, five cultivars from Iran including 'Bekran', 'Golab-e Kermanshah', 'Golab-e Kohanz' 'Golab-e Sheikhi' and 'Atlasi' were selected and compared with standard cultivar 'Gala'. The profile of four phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3- galactoside, catechin and phloridzin) was determined by HPLC for flesh and flesh + peel of studied cultivars. Total phenolic content by Folin- ciocalteu (TPC) and antioxidant activity using DPPH radical (IC50) were also evaluated for flesh and flesh + peel of each cultivars. The results of HPLC analysis showed that catechin was the main phenolic compound of flesh and flesh + peel in all of studied cultivars. The highest catechin concentration in flesh + peel and flesh was in the 'Golab-e Kermanshah' and 'Bekran', recpectively. The second high concentration phenolic compound was quercetin-3 galactoside and 'Atlasi' had the highest content of quercetin-3 galactoside. The high value of chlorogenic acid was in the 'Golab-e Sheikhi'. The The highest TPC was found in 'Golab-e Kermanshah' and 'Atlasi'. Phenolic compounds were less abundant in the flesh than in the flesh + peel. In total, the scavenging activity of DPPH radical (IC50) also showed that the higher antioxidant effect in flesh + peel than flesh parts. In this study, it can be concluded that Compared to 'Gala', native Iranian cultivars had higher concentration of phenolic compounds, which makes them interesting for breeding and reintroduction into production. Also, the consumption of the whole fruit provides phytochemicals in amounts that are far superior to that provided by the single flesh component.

apple ; Iranian apple ; Malus ; phenolic compound ; red flesh apple

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