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Species diversity and cytotoxic potency of airborne sterigmatocystin-producing Aspergilli from the section Versicolores

This study presents the distribution and species diversity of sterigmatocystin-producing Aspergilli from the section Versicolores in the indoor air of apartment-AP, basements-BS and grainmill-GMin Croatia, as well as the cytotoxic potency of isolates. The species comprised 0.7–20% of total airborne fungi detected in the AP, 11–55% in the BS, and 0–2% in the GM. Based on CaM sequences, seven species were identified ; dominant were Aspergillus jensenii and Aspergillus creber, followed by Aspergillus protuberus, Aspergillus venenatus, Aspergillus tennesseensis, Aspergillus amoenus, Aspergillus griseoaurantiacus and three undescribed species. All of the identified species produced sterigmatocystin- STC (HPLC/UV-VIS) ; A. griseoaurantiacus (208.29 μg/mL) and A. jensenii (1.192–133.63 μg/mL) produced the highest levels, the lowest were detected in A. protuberus and A. tennesseensis (0.117–2.749 μg/mL). Lower species diversity was obtained in the GM due to overgrowth with more propulsive fungi. Relatively high STC levels (0.06–2.35 μg/g) detected in 52% of GMdust samples confirmed the presence of STC-producers, although this STC cannot be exclusively attributed to Aspergilli (Versicolores). STC and the majority of STC-producing Aspergilli were cytotoxic to human lung A549 cells (IC50 0.9–2.3 μg/mL) and THP-1macrophage-like cells (IC50 0.3–0.6 μg/mL) in relatively lowconcentrations suggesting that humans can be at high risk during chronic exposure.

Versicolores ; Airborne fungi ; Mycotoxin ; Sterigmatocystin ; Cytotoxicity ; Dust

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