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Phylogeography and population genetics of the European mudminnow (Umbra krameri) with time- calibrated phylogeny for the family Umbridae

The genetic structure of European mudminnow populations from throughout virtually the entire species range was examined using mitochondrial DNA and seven microsatellite loci. Ten haplotypes were detected, suggesting three phylogeographic lineages, which likely diverged during the Early and Middle Pleistocene: I - the Danube drainage along with the Drava system and the Dniester Delta, II - the Sava system and III - the Tisza system. High genetic diversity observed using mtDNA was confirmed with microsatellite data, suggesting the existence of at least 14 populations in the studied area. The exceptionally high genetic diversity found in the eastern part of the species range, especially within the Danube and Dniester Delta, implies that this area is a potential centre of origin for the species. A coalescent based approach showed that migration rates between populations were generally low, and were highest between the Drava and its tributary Mura. According to time- calibrated phylogeny, separation of the European and American Umbra lineages occurred roughly at the end of Late Cretaceous and in the first half of the Paleogene (60.57 Ma with 95% highest probability density of 39.57 – 81.75). Taking these results into account, appropriate management guidelines are proposed to preserve European mudminnow populations.

Umbra krameri ; Umbridae ; mtDNA ; Microsatellites ; time-calibrated phylogeny ; Conservation

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