engleski

Engineering of Selected Inorganic Materials

Preface: The engineer has been, and is a maker of history J. K. Finch (1883 - 1967) Engineering can be defined as the creative application of scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge to design, building, and maintenance of structures, machines, devices, systems, materials, and manufacturing processes. The discipline of engineering is extremely broad, and encompasses a range of more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of technology and types of application. The course of Engineering of Selected Inorganic Materials was an optional course in the 3rd year of the Academic undergraduate study of Chemical technology. The scope of this course was to understand the chemical engineering aspect of raw materials, production, control and application of commercial ceramic materials. From the academic year 2014/2015 this course will be been renamed as Inorganic Materials, and it will be performed for students of the 3rd year of the Academic undergraduate study of Chemical technology, on both study orientations: Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection. This book was written for students taking an additional course in the fast-expanding materials area, and for practicing engineers without a formal background in ceramics who find themselves involved with ceramic products. In writing this book, the author has followed a format which has proved usable in the classroom. This pattern includes, first, attention to the internal structure of ceramic materials, because this knowledge is necessary for the origin of the variation in properties to be understood. Second, a consideration is given to various properties commonly encountered and required of ceramic materials. Over 220 diagrams and figures provide a visual aid to learning, and, finally, commonly used procedures for processing of groups of ceramic products and their present areas of applications are summarized. Because the history of human race and practical knowledge about materials are intertwined, an Introduction - Historical Remarks provides an outline of history and a simple picture about development of materials as well as the role they play in today's world. Since an understanding of a material type, generally, may most easily be gained if we have a knowledge of the relationship that exists between structures and properties, initially this book, Chapter 1 - Materials Science and Engineering, pays attention to the relationship between material properties and structural elements relative to the progress and perspective that has been made in the discipline of materials science and engineering, including the development of new materials with specific properties and the necessity for modifying the properties of existing ceramic materials for new uses. In Chapter 2 - From Pottery to the Space Shuttle, we take a journey back in time to see how ceramics have evolved from the earliest dried clay articles to our modern ceramics. Chapter 3 - Structure and Properties of Ceramics, discusses the type of crystal structure and atomic point defect that are found in ceramic materials. Knowledge of their structural and chemical nature will enable us to understand the origin and usefulness of their properties, and provide us with a basis for producing ceramic materials and controlling their properties. Applications and fabrication techniques for this class of materials are discussed in Chapter 4 - Applications and Processing of Ceramics. In Chapter 5 - Other Applications and Processing, attention is given to non-clay ceramic materials, including abrasives and advanced ceramics, as well as to a group of inorganic binders (cement, plaster of Paris, and lime) that the cementation bond develops at room temperature. In Chapter 6 - Silicate Cement or Portland Cement, a special attention is given to the chemistry of calcium silicates and aluminates both anhydrous and hydrated, the chapter dealing with more important chemical aspects of the production and use of cements. It covers not only the composition and properties of cements and the reactions that occur during their production and use, but also material problems of environmental protection. The hydration of the silicate or Portland cement and the hydrated compounds formed come under review, followed by a consideration of the structures of cement compounds and their relation to cementing properties. In Chapter 7 - Chemical Stability and Corrosion of Ceramics, attention will be directed toward the corrosion aspects of crystalline and glassy ceramics under environmental conditions, because the control of chemical stability (or reactivity) of ceramics with their environmental aspects is one of the most important problems facing the ceramics industry today. Finally, in Chapter 8 - Summary, these topics are reviewed briefly. This book is based upon a combination of lecture notes from the Processes in Inorganic Industry course that the author has taught at the Faculty of Chemical Technology in Split for the past 20 years and both her scientific research work in the field of the silicate cement and composite materials and her experiences in industry. In writing this book, beside relevant references published in international journals and already published scientific books, the results of the author's research were also used, as specified in the list of literature references. At the end of the book, the Glossary provides a list of terms from certain areas with explanations. The author would like to thank the reviewers, Maja Kliškić, PhD, full professor tenure at the Faculty of Chemistry and Technology of the University of Split (CRO), Zehrudin Osmanović, PhD, full professor at the Faculty of Technology of the University of Tuzla (B&H), and Lidija Ćurković, PhD, full professor at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture of the University of Zagreb (CRO), for their professional and valuable suggestions that have helped improve this textbook, as well as Mrs. Ajša Mlačić for her professional and dependable English language-editing. The author would also like to thank in advance those readers of this textbook who will provide critical comments and suggestions. The author thanks the Publisher John Wiley and Sons, Inc., for their permission to reproduce Figure 1.2, page 4, from book “Materials Science and Engineering” by W. D. Callister and D. G. Rethwisch, 8th edition, published in 2011. (Author: J. Zelic, Split, March 2016)

Materials science, engineering, ceramic materials, structure, properties, applications and processing, chemical stability, corrosion

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