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The Ancient Egyptian shabtis discovered in region of Roman Illyricum (Dalmatia, Pannonia) and Istria: provenance, collections, typological study and dating

During the extensive diffusion of the Ancient Egyptian cults in the Mediterranean world shabtis were traded as one of the most common cultic symbols of the Egyptian religion. They were discovered in the eastern Mediterranean, North Africa, and Europe. They were usually imported from Egyptian workshops, but it seems that the great numbers of shabtis were also crafted outside Egypt in various cultic centres of Isis, Osiris and Serapis. Egyptologists commonly classified these type of shabtis as „fakes“, but they had to be considered as „ancient copies“ of the original Egyptian artefacts (Aegyptiaca). In this paper author will present the group of shabtis (39) which were discovered in various archaeological sites in Istria, Dalmatia and Pannonia, their collections, and typology. These shabtis can be dated from the early Third Intermediate Period (10th century BC) to the Roman period. The biggest group was discovered around ancient Salona (today Solin, Croatia) and the central Dalmatian islands where the ancient Greek settlements were established from the late 6th century BC. The other shabtis were discovered in the northern Adriatic region, and the various sites of the Roman provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia.

shabtis, diffusion of Ancient Egyptian artefacts, Greco-Roman period, typology, Illyricum, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Istria.

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