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Biological control of Swet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)with antagonistic fungi

Chestnut stands are threatened by two invasive organisms, fungus Cryphonectria parasitica and gall wasp Drycosmus kuriphilus. The fungus C. parasitica cause cancer bark disease. Gall wasp D. kuriphilus cause the damage on buds and leaves and form galls in the crown. On the galls, branches and nut C. parasitica, saprophytic and parasitic fungi were found. Apart from them antagonistic fungi, usually Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma citrinoviride and Trichothecium roseum were found. The aim of this study was investigate the effect of the antagonistic fungi on C. parasitica growth and possibility of biological control. To determine the interaction between antagonistic fungi T. viride, T. citrinoviride and T. roseum and C. parasitica the laboratory test were established. T. viride has made contact on days 4‐5, and was overgrown by C. parasitica within 6‐10 days. T. citrinoviride has made the contact on days 4‐6, and was overgrown or partial overgrown within 25‐46 days. T. roseum has made contact on day 9‐11, and was overgrown within 15‐29‐42 days. T. viride has the fastest grow and the most powerful antagonistic activity. Antagonistic fungi T. viride, T. citrinoviride and T. roseum are ubiquitous in chestnut stands. Laboratory experiment demonstrated that the antagonistic fungi were inhibited C. parasitica. This indicates that in the chestnut stands natural biological control with antagonistic fungi is present.

Swet chestnuts, Cryphonectria parasitica, antagonistic fungi, biological protection

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