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The Prospects of Defence Cooperation between the European Union, the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China

The most important EU member states may shift away from the US renewed containment strategy, oriented on Russia. NATO allies had in earlier periods picked up geopolitical theories and theses from Mackinder and Spykman. More recently, these were used by political lobbies in the US administrations inside the White House and Pentagon to create the US Grand Strategy that was devoted to building up the US hegemony into the world by following the New World Order in the 21st century. The Containment policy toward Russia was created by the US financial, economic and military lobbies, to continue with the old fashioned Geopolitics. The EU member states may find out common military identity and authority to form a European Defence Union (EDU). The EU could open a new page into the (white) book to implement multilateral world order that shares geopolitical and geoeconomic interest in defence cooperation with China and Russia, and therefore continue with the development of its defence identity, more independent of NATO.

The European Union (the EU) ; PESCO ; defence cooperation ; NATO ; the USA ; Russia ; the PR China

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