engleski

Immunologic factors involved in atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disorder that occurs in individuals with atopy, and is characterized by immune disorders of humoral (type I) and cellular (type IV) immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunological factors in the blood and the skin lesions of AD patients, and to analyze the presence of inflammatory cell-surface markers in the blood and skin biopsies. The parameters for monitoring of 40 AD patients included results of cutaneous tests: prick and intradermal test to inhalatory and nutritive allergens, scratch test to preservatives and additives and epicutaneous (patch) test to contact allergens ; values of total IgE, serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and different cell markers in the sera (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD21, CD23, HLA-DR). We also analyzed the presence of inflammatory cell-surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD20, CD1a, CD23, CD29, CD45Ro, IFN-g+ markers) in the biopsies of skin lesions from 10 AD patients and 5 healthy controls (HC) by immunohistochemical analysis (method of avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase). The results showed mostly positive skin tests (prick 9/13, intradermal 24/27, scratch 23/40, and patch 26/40 tests), high values of IgE (29/40), and mainly normal values of IgG, IgA, IgM. In contrast to HC, AD patients had increased CD23+cells and decreased CD21+ cells, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for higher expression of CD3, CD21, CD23 in the blood, for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD29, CD45Ro, IFN-g+ markers in the skin, and intraepidermal CD23+ and intradermal CD1a+ cells in AD patients. Our findings lead us to conclude that different immunological factors in the peripheral blood and within the skin in AD patients may be mediated by both type I and IV hypersensitivity mechanisms.

Humoral (type I) and cellular (type IV) immunity; skin lesions of AD patients; inflammatory cell-surface markers

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