engleski

Recovery of tocopherols, amygdalin, and fatty acids from apricot kernel oil: cold pressing versus supercritical carbon dioxide

Fatty acid, tocopherol and amygdalin concentrations were determined in apricot kernel oils obtained by two techniques: cold pressing and supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction. During the SC-CO2 extraction, oil was collected during five hours at 300 bar and 40°C until all oil was completely extracted from the raw material. The total tocopherol concentration in cold pressed apricot kernel seed oil was significantly lower (94 mg/100g of oil) compared to SC-CO2 oilβ+γ-tocopherol was the most dominant tocopherols while α- tocopherol was not detected in cold pressed oil. The concentration of total tocopherols during SC-CO2 extraction decreased from the first collection (after one hour) to the last (after five hours), from 252 mg/100g to 50 mg/100g of oil. The analysis of fatty acid composition showed a prevalence of palmitic, oleic (cis-9), and linoleic (cis-9, 12) acid, specifically 5.93%, 57.33%, and 33.81%, respectively, in SC-CO2 extracts, which are similar to the values of oil obtained by cold pressing (5.48%, 62.73%, 29.18%, respectively). Small amount of amygdalin content was determined in cold pressed oil(0.40 mg/g of oil), as well as in oil obtained by SC-CO2 (0.20 mg/g of oil). According to official methods and requirements, oils produced by both techniques were of satisfactory quality (low peroxide value, low value of free fatty acids, small percentage of insoluble impurities and moisture content).

apricot kernel ; supercritical CO2 ; cold pressing ; tocopherols ; amygdalin

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